UniVR: Thinking in Visual Space for Unified Visual Reasoning

UniVR Overview

๐ŸŒ Project Page  |  ๐Ÿ“„ Paper  |  ๐Ÿ’ป Code  |  ๐Ÿ“ฆ VR-X Dataset


Model Summary

UniVR is the first framework that simultaneously learns complex reasoning, fine-grained physical dynamics, and long-term planning from pure visual demonstrations โ€” without relying on dense image-text pairs or task-specific heuristics.

Built on Emu3.5 (34B), UniVR uses a unified next-token prediction objective to directly generate visual reasoning traces given an image and instruction. Training employs a two-stage pipeline: supervised cold initialization on the VR-X dataset, followed by VR-GRPO reinforcement learning with complementary global and step-focal rewards.

Feature Detail
Architecture Emu3.5 34B (VQ-VAE unified generative model)
Training SFT (310k samples) โ†’ VR-GRPO RL (3k samples)
Visual Thinking Native visual-space reasoning, no intermediate text chain
Benchmark VR-X: 16 sources, 6 task categories, 1.8k evaluation samples

Available Checkpoints

Model Description Link
UniVR-34B-Planning Optimized for long-horizon planning tasks (robotic manipulation, tool use, multi-step control) maverickrzw/UniVR-34B-Planning
UniVR-34B-General Full UniVR recipe with interleaved image-text data; suitable for general visual reasoning maverickrzw/UniVR-34B-General

Key Results

VR-X Benchmark

UniVR achieves up to 25% improvement over the Emu3.5 baseline and approaches Gemini 3 Pro + Nano Banana 2 with only 34B parameters.

Method Visual Thinking Guidance Robot Editing Spatial Puzzle Search Overallโ†‘
Gemini-3-pro + Nano Banana 2 โœ— 66.2 67.1 63.7 55.1 65.5 79.0 66.1
GPT-5 + GPT-image-1.5 โœ— 68.2 64.1 58.0 49.3 64.0 77.4 63.5
Emu3.5 34B โœ— 38.6 42.8 32.7 35.3 43.4 46.2 39.8
UniVR 34B โœ“ 59.5 68.0 48.5 46.5 62.2 64.3 58.2
ฮ” v.s. Emu3.5 โ†‘20.9 โ†‘25.2 โ†‘15.8 โ†‘11.2 โ†‘18.8 โ†‘18.1 โ†‘18.4

Multimodal Understanding

Enhanced visual reasoning also boosts standard multimodal benchmarks โ€” no degradation of the base model's capabilities.

Method MMMU MME(P) MME(C) MMBench MathVista MM-Vet
Emu 3.5 0.292 781.1 324.6 0.183 41.7 28.0
UniVR 0.337 799.3 338.5 0.198 44.0 35.6
ฮ” v.s. Emu3.5 โ†‘0.045 โ†‘18.2 โ†‘13.9 โ†‘0.015 โ†‘2.3 โ†‘7.6

Quick Start

Installation

git clone https://github.com/MaverickRen/UniVR.git
cd UniVR
bash install.sh

Inference

cd UniVR_SFT

# Download checkpoint
huggingface-cli download maverickrzw/UniVR-34B-Planning --local-dir weights/UniVR-34B-Planning

# Download VisionTokenizer
huggingface-cli download BAAI/Emu3.5-VisionTokenizer --local-dir weights/Emu3.5-VisionTokenizer

# Run inference
bash scripts/inference.sh

Configure configs/config.py to set model paths and prompts:

{
    "prompt": "Tie the red rope around the white gift box. Finish this task in 3 steps.",
    "reference_image": "path/to/first_frame.jpg",
}

Training

SFT (Cold Initialization):

cd UniVR_SFT
# LoRA (2 nodes ร— 8 GPUs)
bash scripts/train_sft_lora.sh
# Full parameter (4 nodes ร— 8 GPUs)
bash scripts/train_sft_full.sh

RL (VR-GRPO):

cd UniVR_RL
bash examples/emu3_grpo_lora.sh

Method: VR-GRPO

UniVR proposes VR-GRPO (Visual Reasoning GRPO), a reinforcement learning paradigm that combines:

  • Global Reward (R_g): A VLM evaluator assesses overall task completion and visual quality via pairwise comparison.
  • Step-Focal Reward (R_s): Identifies the most error-prone sub-steps by computing inter-trajectory CLIP-feature variance across rollout samples, then applies fine-grained VLM evaluation on critical windows.
  • Combined Reward: R_reason = R_g โˆ’ ฮป|R_g โˆ’ R_s|, enforcing both terminal correctness and procedural integrity.

This design prevents reward hacking in long-horizon tasks where global-only rewards overlook intermediate physical violations and logical gaps.


Sample Outputs

Tie a Knot Hang Clothes Draw

Training Data

UniVR is trained on VR-X, a large-scale benchmark curated from 1.5M raw samples across 16 diverse sources:

Category Sources Examples
Visual Guidance EgoDex, Action100M, Epic-Kitchen, VideoCraftBench Cooking, handcrafting, daily activities
Robot Manipulation AgiBot, Droid, Bridge, ZebraCoT-Robot Robotic grasping, tool use, multi-step control
Editing ZebraCoT-Multiobject Object manipulation, scene editing
Spatial Perception ThinkMorph-Navigation, ZebraCoT-Embodiment Navigation, spatial reasoning
Visual Search VisualCoT, ThinkMorph-Search Object localization, attention
Puzzle & Game VRBench, Zebra-Jigsaw, ThinkMorph-VisPuzzle Mazes, jigsaw, visual puzzles

Download: maverickrzw/VR-X-SFT-RL


Citation

@article{ren2026univr,
  title={UniVR: Thinking in Visual Space for Unified Visual Reasoning},
  author={Zhongwei Ren and Yunchao Wei and Zhao Yao and Guixun Luo and Yao Zhao and Weibo Gong and Xiao Liu and Anran Wang and Xiangtai Li and Xiaojie Jin},
  year={2026},
}

License

This project is released under the Apache 2.0 License.

Acknowledgements

UniVR is built upon Emu3.5 and verl. We thank the authors for their excellent open-source contributions.

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